Article III

Plain-English definition, meaning and examples of Article III in U.S. law.

Article III refers to Article III of the U.S. Constitution, the section of the Constitution that authorizes a federal court system. It provides that federal courts have judicial power over all cases and controversies arising under the Constitution, laws, or treaties of …

What is Article III?

Article III refers to Article III of the U.S. Constitution, the section of the Constitution that authorizes a federal court system. It provides that federal courts have judicial power over all cases and controversies arising under the Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States; of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction; in which the United States is a party; between two or more states; between a state and the citizens of another state; between citizens of different states; between citizens of the same state claiming lands under grants of different states; and between a state or citizens thereof and foreign states, citizens, or subjects.

• An Article III judge is a judge who is authorized under Article III of the Constitution.
• An Article III court is a federal court established by Congress pursuant to Article III of the Constitution.

Why Article III matters

Article III appears in U.S. legal practice across multiple practice areas. Knowing what it means — and when it applies — can determine the outcome of motions, filings, and negotiations. For non-lawyers, the value of looking up a precise definition is that legal terms often carry meanings that differ from everyday usage; relying on the common meaning can lead to costly missteps.

How Article III works in practice

In practice, Article III is invoked when parties, judges, or attorneys need to identify the legal status of an issue, the rights of those involved, or the procedural step required next. The definition shown above is sourced from Cornell LII Wex , which is widely cited in U.S. legal practice. Because U.S. law is jurisdictionally layered — federal, state, and sometimes local — the precise application of the term can vary by court, so check the controlling authority for your specific case.

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Source: Cornell LII Wex CC BY-SA 2.5

This page is provided for general informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Laws change and definitions can vary by jurisdiction. Consult a licensed attorney for advice on your specific situation.

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