Legal Glossary

EU data privacy laws

European privacy law is grounded in Articles 7 and 8 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, which guarantee respect for private and family life and the protection of personal data. Similar protections appear in Article 8 of the European Convention o…

Dodd-Frank: Title IX - Investor Protections and Improvements to the Regulation of Securities

Introduction Increasing Investor Protection Sections 911, 915 and 919D amend the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 by creating an Investor Advisory Committee (IAC), an Office of the Investor Advocate (OIA) and an ombudsman appointed by the Investor Advocate. Sections 913…

Dodd-Frank: Title V - Insurance

IntroductionThe insurance sector is primarily regulated at the state level by individual state agencies. Title V of the Dodd-Frank Act establishes a Federal Insurance Office (FIO) within the Department of the Treasury to promote national coordination in the insurance se…

Dodd-Frank: Title VII - Wall Street Transparency and Accountability

IntroductionTitle VII creates a framework for the regulation of swap markets. Title VII grants the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) regulatory authority over swaps, except for security-based swaps, which are regulated by the Securities and Exchange Commission…

electronic surveillance

Electronic surveillance is the use of electronic, mechanical, or other devices to collect the contents of wire or electronic communications in situations where at least one party has a reasonable expectation of privacy. The “contents” of a communication include any info…

algorithm

An algorithm is a set of rules or a computational procedure that is typically used to solve a specific problem. In the case of Vidillion, Inc. v. Pixalate Inc, an algorithm is defined as “one or more process(es), set of rules, or methodology (including without limitatio…

Fourth Amendment

Interests Protected The Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution provides that "[t]he right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upo…

country of origin

The country in which a person or thing is deemed to have originated for the purposes of laws and regulations.

data controller

A nominated person who determines the purposes for which and the manner in which any personal data is to be processed. (under the Data Protection Act)

Dodd-Frank: Title I - Financial Stability

IntroductionTitle I expands federal research, evaluation, and oversight of large financial institutions in order to find efficient ways to manage risks to the financial stability of the United States. The Title establishes two new government departments, the Financial S…

forecasting

Forecasting refers to predicting future trends of business operations, socio-organizational behavior, economic markets, and policy-making. Forecasting aids business managers in strategizing for sales, adjusting resources, and other future scenarios. Forecasting utilizes…

Information privacy

Information privacy, also known as data privacy or data protection, is the relationship between the collection and dissemination of data, technology, the public expectation of privacy, contextual information norms, and the legal and political issues surrounding them.

Patent analytics

Patent analytics is the process of analyzing the texts of patent disclosures and other information from the patent lifecycle. Patent analytics is used to obtain deeper insights into different technologies and innovation. Other terms are sometimes used as synonyms for pa…

Accounts payable

Accounts payable (AP) is money owed by a business to its suppliers, shown as a liability on a company's balance sheet. It is distinct from notes payable liabilities, which are debts created by formal legal instrument documents. An accounts payable department's main resp…

Accounts payable

Accounts payable (AP) is money owed by a business to its suppliers, shown as a liability on a company's balance sheet. It is distinct from notes payable liabilities, which are debts created by formal legal instrument documents. An accounts payable department's main resp…

Accounts payable

Accounts payable (AP) is money owed by a business to its suppliers, shown as a liability on a company's balance sheet. It is distinct from notes payable liabilities, which are debts created by formal legal instrument documents. An accounts payable department's main resp…

Accounts payable

Accounts payable (AP) is money owed by a business to its suppliers, shown as a liability on a company's balance sheet. It is distinct from notes payable liabilities, which are debts created by formal legal instrument documents. An accounts payable department's main resp…

Integrated circuit

An integrated circuit (IC), also known as a microchip or simply chip, is a compact assembly of electronic circuits formed from various electronic components, such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors, and their interconnections. These components are fabricated onto…

array

Clothing and ornamentation; raiment.

copyright

Copyright is the exclusive legal right to reproduce, publish, sell, or distribute the matter and form of something. Overview - U.S. Copyright Act The U.S. Copyright Act, (codified at 17 U.S.C. §§ 101 - 810), is federal legislation which protects the writings of authors…

Dodd-Frank: Definitions

Terms Defined within the Dodd-Frank Act Title I: • Financial Institution: 12 U.S.C. § 5462(5) • Nonbank Financial Company: 12 U.S.C. § 5311(a)(4)(B) • Bank Holding Company: 12 U.S.C. § 1841(a)(1)Title II: • Financial Institution: 12 U.S.C. § 5462(5) • Bridge Financial O…

expert testimony

Expert testimony is an opinion stated under oath by a qualified individual during a trial or deposition. Such testimony can aid in clarifying complex concepts, presenting scientific evidence, evaluating data, and assisting in understanding the implications of certain ac…

expert witness reports

Expert witness reports in civil federal court are governed by Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(a)(2)(b). Under this rule, the parties are required to disclose the names of their retained expert witnesses before trial, and to give the opposing party a written report, p…

GDPR

Initialism of General Data Protection Regulation, a regulation in EU law on data protection and privacy in the European Union (EU) and the European Economic Area (EEA).

pseudonymize

To depersonalize or anonymize (data); a procedure by which the most identifying fields within a data record are replaced by one or more artificial identifiers, or pseudonyms.

Radical transparency

Radical transparency is a terminology used across fields of governance, politics, software design and business to describe actions and approaches that radically increase the openness of organizational process and data. Its usage was originally understood as an approach …

read out

To read something and say the words to inform other people; to call.

self-executing

Needing no legislation to enforce it.

surveillance pricing

Surveillance pricing is a form of algorithmic pricing in which sellers use personal information to tailor prices to specific consumers. Sellers who engage in this practice will generally raise prices based on personal information such as income, background, or perceived…

Accounting

Accounting, also known as accountancy, is the process of recording and processing information about economic entities, such as businesses and corporations. Accounting measures the results of an organization's economic activities and conveys this information to a variety…