So there's a lot going on at home and I have a job and stuff, can my parents take away things I bought and paid for?

First, his house, his rules. You are a minor under his authority and in his house. Second, yes, you can own things, but does that amount to anything? I highly doubt the police will be interested if you call them and report your dad stole your things. Third, you could probably file a lawsuit against your dad for the recovery of your items, but that is not likely to be a process that will benefit you. Fourth, in Missouri, being emancipated means that you are self reliant, self sufficient, and self responsible. Basically, you have to move out on your own and provide for your own needs and basically stop relying on any support from your parents. Fifth, unless things are truly terrible at home, it's probably in your best interest to recruit some trusted friends or therapist to help make your relationship with your dad/parents more functional.